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Tumor necrosis factor/TNF alpha [TNFA/1172]
Description Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor bearing mice. TNF-alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNFalpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non-covalently linked units, but shows a single 17kDa band following SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions. TNF-alpha is closely related to the 25kDa protein tumor necrosis factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF-alpha causes cytolysis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF-alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNFalpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of i Host Mouse Application Flow cytometry (FC), Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Reactivity Human, Mouse, Rat, Rabbit, Cat, Dog -
Vimentin [LN-6]
Description Anti-vimentin is of limited value as a diagnostic tool; however, when used in combination with other antibodies (in panels) it is useful for the subclassification of a given tumor. Expression of vimentin, when used in conjunction with anti-keratin, is helpful when distinguishing melanomas from undifferentiated carcinomas and large cell lymphomas. All melanomas and Schwannomas react strongly with anti-vimentin. This antibody recognizes a 57 kD intermediate filament. It labels a variety of mesenchymal cells, including melanocytes, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Non-reactivity of anti-vimentin is often considered more useful than its positive reactivity, since there are a few tumors that do not contain vimentin, e.g. hepatoma and seminoma. Anti-vimentin is also useful as a tissue process control reagent. (Shipping Cost: €200.00) Host Mouse Application Flow cytometry (FC), Immunocytochemistry (ICC),Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Reactivity Human, Cat, Bovine,Pig (Porcine), Rat, Rabbit, Mouse, Sheep -
Vimentin [LN-6]
Description Anti-vimentin is of limited value as a diagnostic tool; however, when used in combination with other antibodies (in panels) it is useful for the subclassification of a given tumor. Expression of vimentin, when used in conjunction with anti-keratin, is helpful when distinguishing melanomas from undifferentiated carcinomas and large cell lymphomas. All melanomas and Schwannomas react strongly with anti-vimentin. This antibody recognizes a 57 kD intermediate filament. It labels a variety of mesenchymal cells, including melanocytes, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Non-reactivity of anti-vimentin is often considered more useful than its positive reactivity, since there are a few tumors that do not contain vimentin, e.g. hepatoma and seminoma. Anti-vimentin is also useful as a tissue process control reagent. (Shipping Cost: €200.00) Host Mouse Application Flow cytometry (FC), Immunocytochemistry (ICC),Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Reactivity Human, Cat, Bovine,Pig (Porcine), Rat, Rabbit, Mouse, Sheep -
Vitamin D Receptor/VDR [D6]
Description Steroid receptors are ligand-dependent intracellular proteins that stimulate transcription of specific genes by binding to specific DNA sequences following activation by the appropriate hormone. The 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) belongs to the superfamily of steroid hormone receptors which includes estrogen, progesterone, glucocorticoid, androgen, and thyroid hormone receptors. Vitamin D modulates calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, bone remodeling, cell growth regulation, and differentiation. Studies have found VDR in the intestine, bone, kidney, epidermis, and cells of the endocrine immune system. Repression of T-cell proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene expresion, for example, occurs when VDR binds within the IL-2 enhancer. Formation of VDR/retinoic X receptor (RXR) heterodimers in the presence of intracellular 1,25(OH)2D3 has been shown to interfere with assembly of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATp)/Fos/Jun/DNA complex and subsequent IL-2 gene transcript Host Mouse Application Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Western Blot (WB) Reactivity Human, Mouse, Rat -
Vitamin D Receptor/VDR [D6]
Description Steroid receptors are ligand-dependent intracellular proteins that stimulate transcription of specific genes by binding to specific DNA sequences following activation by the appropriate hormone. The 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) belongs to the superfamily of steroid hormone receptors which includes estrogen, progesterone, glucocorticoid, androgen, and thyroid hormone receptors. Vitamin D modulates calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, bone remodeling, cell growth regulation, and differentiation. Studies have found VDR in the intestine, bone, kidney, epidermis, and cells of the endocrine immune system. Repression of T-cell proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene expresion, for example, occurs when VDR binds within the IL-2 enhancer. Formation of VDR/retinoic X receptor (RXR) heterodimers in the presence of intracellular 1,25(OH)2D3 has been shown to interfere with assembly of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATp)/Fos/Jun/DNA complex and subsequent IL-2 gene transcript Host Mouse Application Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Western Blot (WB) Reactivity Human, Mouse, Rat -
Wilms' Tumor (WT1) [6F-H2]
Description Recognizes a 47-55kDa-tumor suppressor protein, identified as Wilm's Tumor (WT1) protein. The antibody reacts with all isoforms of the full-length WT1 and also identifies WT1 lacking exon 2-encoded amino acids, frequently found in subsets of sporadic Wilm’s tumor, a sporadic and familial pediatric kidney tumor, is genetically heterogeneous. Wilm’s tumor is associated with mutations of WT1, a zinc-finger transcription factor that is essential for the development of the metanephric kidney and the urogenital system. The WT1 gene is normally expressed in fetal kidney and mesothelium, and its expression has been suggested as a marker for Wilm’s tumor and mesothelioma. WT1 protein has been identified in proliferative mesothelial cells, malignant mesothelioma, ovarian carcinoma, gonadoblastoma, nephroblastoma, and desmoplastic small round cell tumor. Lung adenocarcinomas rarely stain positive with this antibody. WT1 protein expression in mesothelial cells has become a reliable marker for the Host Mouse Application Flow cytometry (FC), Immunocytochemistry (ICC),Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Reactivity Human, Mouse, Rat -
Wilms' Tumor (WT1) [6F-H2]
Description Recognizes a 47-55kDa-tumor suppressor protein, identified as Wilm's Tumor (WT1) protein. The antibody reacts with all isoforms of the full-length WT1 and also identifies WT1 lacking exon 2-encoded amino acids, frequently found in subsets of sporadic Wilm’s tumor, a sporadic and familial pediatric kidney tumor, is genetically heterogeneous. Wilm’s tumor is associated with mutations of WT1, a zinc-finger transcription factor that is essential for the development of the metanephric kidney and the urogenital system. The WT1 gene is normally expressed in fetal kidney and mesothelium, and its expression has been suggested as a marker for Wilm’s tumor and mesothelioma. WT1 protein has been identified in proliferative mesothelial cells, malignant mesothelioma, ovarian carcinoma, gonadoblastoma, nephroblastoma, and desmoplastic small round cell tumor. Lung adenocarcinomas rarely stain positive with this antibody. WT1 protein expression in mesothelial cells has become a reliable marker for the Host Mouse Application Flow cytometry (FC), Immunocytochemistry (ICC),Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Reactivity Human, Mouse, Rat -
YAP [63.7]
Description The Yes-associated protein, otherwise known as YAP, is a 14-3-3 binding molecule that was originally recognized by virtue of its ability to bind to the SH3 domain of Yes. The binding of YAP to 14-3-3 requires the phosphorylation of a homologous serine residue (Ser 112) in the YAP 14-3-3 binding motif. The highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed 14-3-3 proteins regulate differentiation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis by binding intracellular phosphoproteins involved in signal transduction. YAP may link events at the plasma membrane and cytosketeton to inhibition of transcription in the nucleus in a manner regulated by 14-3-3 proteins. YAP shares homology with the WW domain of TAZ, transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif, which functions as a transcriptional co-activator by binding to the PPXY motif present in transcription factors. (Shipping Cost: €200.00) Host Mouse Application ELISA, Immunocytochemistry (ICC),Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western Blot (WB) Reactivity Human, Mouse, Rat -
YAP [63.7]
Description The Yes-associated protein, otherwise known as YAP, is a 14-3-3 binding molecule that was originally recognized by virtue of its ability to bind to the SH3 domain of Yes. The binding of YAP to 14-3-3 requires the phosphorylation of a homologous serine residue (Ser 112) in the YAP 14-3-3 binding motif. The highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed 14-3-3 proteins regulate differentiation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis by binding intracellular phosphoproteins involved in signal transduction. YAP may link events at the plasma membrane and cytosketeton to inhibition of transcription in the nucleus in a manner regulated by 14-3-3 proteins. YAP shares homology with the WW domain of TAZ, transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif, which functions as a transcriptional co-activator by binding to the PPXY motif present in transcription factors. (Shipping Cost: €200.00) Host Mouse Application ELISA, Immunocytochemistry (ICC),Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western Blot (WB) Reactivity Human, Mouse, Rat -
ZO1 (Zona occludens 1) [5G6.1]
Description ZO-1 is a junctional adaptor protein that interacts with multiple other junctional components, including the transmembrane proteins of the claudin and JAM families.The alpha-containing isoform is found in most epithelial cell junctions. The short isoform is found both in endothelial cells and the highly specialized epithelial junctions of renal glomeruli and Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules.The N-terminal may be involved in transducing a signal required for tight junction assembly, while the C-terminal may have specific properties of tight junctions. The alpha domain might be involved in stabilizing junctions. (Shipping Cost: €200.00) Host Mouse Application Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western Blot (WB) Reactivity Human, Rat